6.1.1. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND RELATED PROVISIONS

Property, plant and equipment

The most material items of property, plant and equipment are buildings and structures, and plant and equipment, mostly associated with exploration for and production of natural gas and crude oil, as well as with gas trading, storage and distribution. The Group also holds vehicles and land. Tangible assets under construction include mostly capitalised expenditure on exploration for and evaluation of oil and gas deposits incurred until production commences or the assets are written off (for detailed accounting policies, see ‘Exploration and evaluation assets’).

Material spare parts and maintenance equipment are disclosed as property, plant and equipment if the Group expects to use such spare parts or equipment for a period longer than one year and they may be assigned to specific items of property, plant and equipment.

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment (for information on policies governing the recognition of impairment, see Note 6.1.3.).

The initially recognised cost of gas pipelines and gas storage facilities (classified in buildings and structures) includes the value of gas used to fill the pipelines or facilities for the first time. The amount of gas required to fill a pipeline or a storage chamber for the first time equals the amount required to obtain the minimum operating pressure in the pipeline or chamber.

The cost of property, plant and equipment includes also borrowing costs.

Costs of day-to-day maintenance and repairs of property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred. In the event of a leak, the costs of pipeline refilling or replacing lost fuel are charged to profit or loss in the period when they were incurred.

The Group uses the following depreciation methods and periods:

Exploration and evaluation expenditure

Natural gas and crude oil exploration and evaluation expenditure covers geological work performed to discover and document deposits and is accounted for with the successful efforts method.

Natural gas and/or crude oil (mineral) deposits can be evaluated once the Group obtains:

• A licence for appraisal of mineral deposits,
• A licence for exploration for and appraisal of mineral deposits,
• A signed agreement establishing mining rights.

The cost of a licence for appraisal of natural gas and/or crude oil deposits and the cost of its extension is equal to the fees charged for conducting the licensed operations. The Group recognises the costs of such appraisal licences as intangible assets.

Expenditure on seismic surveys is capitalised in exploration and evaluation assets.

Expenditure incurred on individual wells is initially capitalised in tangible exploration and evaluation assets under construction. If exploration activities are successful and lead to a discovery of recoverable reserves, the Group analyses the areas and structures to determine whether production would be economically viable. If following the evaluation process a decision is made to launch commercial production of hydrocarbons, the Group reclassifies the tangible exploration and evaluation assets under construction to property, plant and equipment after the production launch.

If exploration is unsuccessful or the Group entity does not file for a licence for appraisal of natural gas and/or crude oil reserves following an analysis of the areas and structures in terms of economic viability of commercial production, the full amount of capitalised expenditure incurred on the wells drilled in the exploration phase is expensed to profit or loss in the period in which the decision to discontinue exploration was made. Capitalised seismic survey expenses related to a given structure are also recognised in profit or loss.

The Group recognises provisions for costs of decommissioning of exploration, production and storage wells (for details, see Note 6.1.1.1.). Discounted amounts of such provisions are added to the initial cost of wells recognised as exploration and evaluation assets or as property, plant and equipment, and in the latter case are depreciated over the useful lives of the items to which they relate.

Right-of-use assets

Leases are recognised as right-of-use assets and liabilities to pay for those rights as at the date when the leased assets are available for use by the Group. For information on the accounting for lease liabilities and the accounting policy applied until December 31st 2018, see Note 5.2.

Right-of-use assets are presented under property, plant and equipment in the statement of financial position.

Right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost, which includes:

• the amount of the lease liability as initially measured;
• any lease payments made at or prior to commencement, less any lease incentives received;
• any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee,
• an estimate of the costs of disassembly, removal of the underlying asset and renovation.

Following initial recognition, right-of-use assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation, any accumulated impairment losses and adjusted remeasurement of the lease liability due to either reassessment or modification of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are amortised over the useful life of the asset or the lease term, whichever is shorter, using the straight-line method. Depreciation periods for right-of-use assets are as follows:

• right-of-use asset – plot/land and usufruct right to land 1–96 years
• right-of-use asset – buildings and structures 1–40 years
• right-of-use asset – machinery and technical equipment 1–40 years
• right-of-use asset – vehicles           and other assets 1–10 years

When determining the cost of a right-of-use asset, the Group estimated the costs expected to be incurred on land restoration, based on information on current prices of restoration services.

Payments associated with all short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as expense in profit or loss. For assets of low value, the Group selects the method of accounting treatment on a case-by-case basis – the Group has assumed that if such asset is subleased then the right-of-use asset is recognised together with the corresponding lease liability if such asset is subleased, while for all other leases of low-value assets, the lease payments associated with those leases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Short-term leases are leases whose term is 12 months or less.

Low-cost assets include small office and ICT equipment.

Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

The useful lives of the property, plant and equipment were determined on the basis of assessments made by the engineering personnel responsible for their operation. Any such assessment is connected with uncertainty as to the future business environment, technology changes and market competition, which could lead to a different assessment of the economic usefulness of the assets and their remaining useful lives, and ultimately have a material effect on the value of the property, plant and equipment and the future depreciation charges.

The Group reviews the useful lives of property, plant and equipment on an annual basis. As a result of the most recent review, made as at December 31st 2019, depreciation expense was reduced by about PLN 16m.